I (Marshall Edward Lake (1.0)) submitted my DNA for testing, both the Y-chromosome and the mtDNA. The Y-chromosome test results reflect the paternal (father's father's father's etc) ancestry. In other words, it applies to a surname, in this case the LAKE surname. The mtDNA test results reflect the maternal (mother's mother's mother's etc) ancestry. My mtDNA test results are specifically applicable only to myself and to my brother, Joseph Francis Kille (1.165) (and our progeny) since we share the same mother. However, the results will be beneficial to anyone descended from a female in my direct ancestry. See the References below. The results of my mtDNA test show that my maternal ancestry belongs in the I haplogroup. Haplogroup I is described as principally a European haplogroup. Haplogroup I is detected at very low frequency across west Eurasia with a slightly greater representation in northern and western Europe. Given its wide, but sparse, distribution, it is likely that it was present in those populations that first colonized Europe. This hypothesis is supported by the estimate of its age ... approximately 30,000 years. Joseph Francis Kille (1.165) submitted his DNA for testing, both the Y-chromosome (plus Big-Y) and the auDNA. According to the Big-Y test results, Joseph Francis Kille (1.165) shares a common ancestor with: George Church, American geneticist and entrepreneur, shared ancestor 2500 BCE. Craig Venter, biochemist, American businessman and entrepreneur, shared ancestor 2500 BCE. Rick Adelman, American basketball player and coach, shared ancestor 2500 BCE. James Dewey Watson, American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist, shared ancestor 2500 BCE. Ernest Hemingway, American journalist and author, shared ancestor 2500 BCE. Jesse Woodson James, notorious American outlaw, shared ancestor 2500 BCE. Ulysses S. Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant, 18th President of the United States, Commander of all Union armies during American Civil War, shared ancestor 2500 BCE. Samuel Wardwell, accused of witchcraft, hanged in Salem, Massachusetts 1692, shared ancestor 2500 BCE. John Howland, sailed on the Mayflower, shared ancestor 2500 BCE. Francis Eaton, sailed on the Mayflower, shared ancestor 2500 BCE. Nicolaus Copernicus, Renaissance mathematician, astronomer, and scholar, shared ancestor 3300 BCE. Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov, last Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland, shared ancestor 4350 BCE. Charles Robert Darwin, English scientist, discovered evolution based on natural selection, shared ancestor 4350 BCE. Patrick Henry, "Give me liberty or give me death", shared ancestor 4350 BCE. Tutankhamun or King Tut, last pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, shared ancestor 17000 BCE. Albert Perry, born into slavery in South Carolina c1820, shared ancestor 232000 BCE. Neanderthal Man, shared ancestor 368000 BCE. References: mtDNA test results for Marshall Edward Lake (1.0), Misc->DNA->mt->1.-dna.jpg explanation of the mtDNA test results for Marshall Edward Lake (1.0), Misc->DNA->mt->1.-dna-2.jpg map showing the movement of the various mtDNA haplogroups throughout the world, Misc->DNA->mt->1.-dna-3.jpg map showing the spread of the various haplogroups, Misc->DNA->Spread.jpg