Surname Recap 5 Jun 2026 Some of the main surnames in this data are: LAKE, THAYNE, KIERNAN, KISHPAUGH/KISHBAUGH/GIERSBACH, KUHL/COOL, KAES/CASE, ROBINS/ROBBINS, GARRISON/GERRITS/GERRISTEN/VAN OLDENBURG, LEINENBERG/LINABERRY/etc LAKE first shows up in 1649/1650 in Gravesend, Kings County, New York when John LAKE married Ann SPICER. From there LAKEs moved west into Hunterdon County, New Jersey and south into Gloucester County, New Jersey. Some LAKEs lived on Staten Island (Richmond County). Some LAKEs in Somerset County, New Jersey (descended from John LAKE and Ann SPICER) were Loyalists, moved to upstate New York (near Albany) and later were expelled to Canada. Based upon DNA evidence, John LAKE came from England. Y-DNA test results show that the LAKE surname in England is associated with the EASTLAKE/ESTLAKE surname. See Misc->Estlake for info pertaining to the EASTLAKE/ESTLAKE surname. Deeper Y-DNA analysis shows that EASTLAKE/ESTLAKE and LAKE split in about 1075 (as of 21 May 2026, this time frame could change as more people test). In other words, as I see it, EASTLAKE/ESTLAKE was the original surname and the LAKE surname began its existence in about 1075. (see Misc/DNA/Big-Y/Table.jpg) Other LAKEs came to America from England in the 17th century, arriving in Connecticut and the eastern shore of Maryland. All three groups of LAKEs (NY, CT and MD) are unrelated in a genealogical sense according to Y-DNA test results. Additionally there are scattered immigrants who took the LAKE surname in the United States but were not named LAKE previous to entering the USA. From http://www.houseofnames.com: BEGIN The name lake is of Anglo-Saxon origin and came from when the family lived beside or close to a lake. The surname lake originally derived from the Old English word lacu which meant lake. lake is a topographic surname, which was given to a person who resided near a physical feature such as a hill, stream, church, or type of tree. Lake Early Origins It is only in the last few hundred years that the English language has been standardized. For that reason, early Anglo-Saxon surnames like lake are characterized by many spelling variations. As the English language changed and incorporated elements of other European languages, even literate people changed the spelling of their names. Scribes and monks in the Middle Ages spelled names they sounded, so it is common to find several variations that refer to a single person. The variations of the name lake include: Lake, Lacke and others. First found in Oxfordshire where they held a family seat from very ancient times, some say well before the Norman Conquest and the arrival of Duke William at Hastings in 1066 A.D. The Great Migration Many English families tired of political and religious strife left Britain for the new colonies in North America. Although the trip itself offered no relief - conditions on the ships were extremely cramped, and many travelers arrived diseased, starving, and destitute - these immigrants believed the opportunities that awaited them were worth the risks. Once in the colonies, many of the families did indeed prosper and, in turn, made significant contributions to the culture and economies of the growing colonies. An inquiry into the early roots of North American families has revealed a number of immigrants bearing the name lake or a variant listed above: Lake Settlers in the United States in the 17th Century Henry Lake settled in Salem Massachusetts in 1630 Thomas Lake settled in Boston in 1633 Wm Lake, aged 14, landed in Barbados in 1635 Captain Jacob Lake settled in Barbados in 1635 William Lake settled in Virginia in 1635 Lake Settlers in the United States in the 18th Century George Lake, who landed in America in 1793 Lake Settlers in the United States in the 19th Century Jo Lake, aged 18, landed in Barbados in 1835 Edward Lake, who arrived in New York in 1837 Robert Lake, who arrived in Virginia in 1853 Inc Lake, who arrived in Virginia in 1864 Contemporary Notables of the name lake Ricki Pamela Lake (b. 1968), American actress and television host Arthur Lake (b. 1905), American actor (my note - see "Help/Info/Docs -> Active DataBase - Notable People" - MEL) Alice Lake (1895-1967), American film actress Dyer Barker Lake (b. 1884), American chemist Harriette Lake (1909-2001), birth name of Ann Sothern, American film and television actress (my note - see "Help/Info/Docs -> Active DataBase - Notable People" - MEL) Simon Lake (1866-1945), American mechanical engineer and naval architect (my note - see "Help/Info/Docs -> Active DataBase - Notable People" - MEL) Veronica Lake (1922-1973), American film actress and pin-up model (my note - see "Help/Info/Docs -> Active DataBase - Notable People" - MEL) Larry Ellsworth Lake (1943-2013), American-born, Canadian composer, trumpeter, radio broadcaster, and record producer John Henry Lake (b. 1877), American Olympian who won bronze for cycling at the 1900 games Joseph Edward Lake Jr. (1964-2014), American science fiction and fantasy writer, winner of the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer in Science Fiction in 2004 END See: distribution of LAKE surname in USA in 1920, Misc->LakeDistributionUSA1920.jpg four pages of the book "A Genealogy of the Lake Family" by Arthur Adams and Sarah A. Risley describing the LAKE surname in old England, Misc->GenealogyOfTheLakeFamily-p1-4.jpg Coat of Arms for the LAKE family in England, Misc->Lake-CoatOfArms.jpg Musconetcong Valley Presbyterian Church and cemetery near New Hampton, New Jersey where John C. Lake (28.0) is buried, Misc->MusconetcongValleyChurch1.jpg, Misc->MusconetcongValleyChurch2.jpg and Misc->MusconetcongValleyChurch3.jpg distribution of LAKE surname in England in 1881, Misc->LAKE-GreatBritain-1881.jpg distribution of LAKE surname in England in 1998, Misc->LAKE-GreatBritain-1998.jpg files in Reference->Misc THAYNE came from Ireland to (probably) New York c1838. They show up in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania in 1839. From http://www.houseofnames.com: BEGIN Thayne Early Origins Spelling variations of this family name include: Thane, Thain, Thaine, Thayne, Theyne and others. First found in Banffshire (Gaelic: Siorrachd Bhanbh), former Scottish county located in the northeasterly Grampian region of Scotland, now of divided between the Council Areas of Moray and Aberdeenshire, where they held a family seat from very ancient times, before and after the Norman Conquest in 1066. Thayne Settlers in the United States in the 19th Century Isabelle Thayne immigrated to Providence, Rhode Island in 1845 William Thayne went to Philadelphia in 1878 P.O. Thayne, aged 36, who landed in America, in 1893 Thayne Settlers in the United States in the 20th Century F. W. Thayne, who emigrated to the United States, in 1906 Charlotte L. Thayne, who landed in America, in 1906 John B Thayne, aged 34, who landed in America from Dublin, Ireland, in 1915 Chris Thayne, aged 50, who emigrated to the United States, in 1918 Christopher Thayne, aged 50, who settled in America, in 1918 Contemporary Notables of the name Thayne David Cruz Thayne (b. 1971), American former professional tennis player and Democratic congressional candidate Emma Lou Thayne, American Mormon poet END Date: Fri, 11 May 2012 09:36:52 -0400 From: Abigail C Leibell (1.259) BEGIN Thayne Peter Thayne, who came from County Roscommon in Ireland, married Anne Laffey of Clontuskert, County Roscommon and emigrated to Montrose, Pennsylvania in the late 1830s. While the name Thayne is frequently found in Scotland, it is an uncommon name in Ireland and England. There are only two English Thayne families whose names appear in deeds during the relevant period of the late 1500s and 1600s. One family, about which little is known, originated in Norfolk. The second Thayne family came from Wiltshire and Middlesex, London and was actively engaged in the turbulent political events involving King Charles I, Cromwell, Charles II and King James I. A recently located copy of a deed, dated 1680, granted William Thayne, gent., the lands of Ardsallagh Beg and Abbeytown, situated just south of the town/city of Roscommon, Ireland. The deed states that William Thayne was granted this land by Richard Jones, the 1st Earl Ranelagh, the English Governor of Roscommon. At that time, Ranelagh was implementing the Crown policy of redistributing land confiscated from old Gaelic families and "planting" these lands with younger sons of the English gentry. William Thayne's land grant is among several others made by Ranelagh to Englishmen in Roscommon during the latter half of the 17th century. In order to be an eligible candidate for such a land grant, Thayne would need family connections in fairly high places. A likely working hypothesis suggests that William was the third son of Alexander Thayne and his wife Anne Fisher. The Thaynes' other sons were John and Alexander; they also had a daughter, Mabel. A Google search has revealed that in addition to his duties in Ireland, Ranelagh also served as Ranger of Windsor Park and when in England lived at Cranbourne Lodge located in Windsor Park which placed him in close proximity to Alexander Thayne, Gent., who had property in Little Park, Windsor. This honor was conferred on Thayne around 1640 when he was named Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod for the House of Lords. Thayne was a Royalist who served as Black Rod during the turbulent Cromwell years; as a consequence of his loyalty to the Crown, Thayne was dispossessed of his property at Windsor. A search of the British History Online website describes Thayne's struggle to repossess Little Park upon the Restoration of Charles II in 1660. Alexander Thayne was a member of the Middle Temple. His admission papers list his deceased father as John Thayne, Gent., of Whiteparish, Wiltshire. Alexander briefly practiced law in London and, in 1637, left his firm to become the Black Rod. On December 1st 1640, Alexander, who was living in Covent Garden, married Anne Fisher of St. Dunstans in the West, London. Anne was the daughter of Sir Edward Fisher who married Mary Challoner 9 Jan 1607 at St. James, Clerkinwell, Middlesex, England. It is interesting to note that the Fishers were related to St. John Fisher, the English cardinal, who with St. Thomas More was put to death by Henry VIII. Anne's eldest brother, Sir Edward Fisher, was granted lands in Ireland in Dublin, Wexford and Roscommon. Fisher erected a country residence in Dublin which he called "The Phoenix". The name "Phoenix" as applied to this old manor house first appeared in 1619, and subsequently the name was given to the surrounding land which today is called "Phoenix Park". Anne Fisher Thayne was also somehow connected to the Smith and Carey families. She was named as an heiress to property in Berwick-on-Tees and Hartley which had belonged to Sir Thomas Smith of Fulham, a noted jurist, and later to property owned by his daughter Margaret who had married Thomas Carey (1616 - 1634), the second son of Robert Carey, the first Earl of Monmouth. Thomas Carey named Anne Thayne's brother, Thomas Fisher, as his executor. After their marriage, Thomas Carey and his wife, Margaret Smith, lived in Fuham, Middlesex and also at Sunninghill, which was located in Windsor Park. In his book, The History of the County of North Riding, the author, William Page, cites land in Berwick on Tees which had been acquired by Sir Thomas Smith, who later left the property to his son Robert in 1609. Robert died young and without issue. Margaret Smith Carey and her uncle, Richard Smith, were then named as heirs. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Smith_(judge) William Page states the following about the Berwick property: Fifty years later the manor (Berwick on Tees) was sold by Alexander Thayne and his wife Anne, to whose inheritance it belonged. Thomas and Margaret Carey had a daughter Elizabeth who married John Mordaunt who was appointed as Constable at Windsor Park upon the Restoration of Charles II circa 1660. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mordaunt,_1st_Earl_of_Peterborough In a petition to the King, Elizabeth Mordaunt requested permission to take her chaplain, John Thayne, with her on a visit to France. (Calendar of State Papers reign of Charles II 1671). Alexander Thayne and Thomas Fisher's names appear on many documents connected with the Smith, Carey and Littleton of Frankley families. (See British History Online and the online catalogue of the National Archives, Kew) Thomas Fisher is named as one of Thomas Carey's four executors. The other three executors are lawyers connected by marriage to the Carey family. Thomas Fisher's connection to the Fisher family is unknown. The following items were located using a Google search: LE THEYN/THAYNE Wiltshire In 1086 Malmesbury abbey held a 50-hide estate called Brokenborough. The abbey later claimed that an estate of 100 mansae called Brokenborough was granted to it by King Edwy in 956 and that in 1065 King Edward confirmed to it a 50-hide estate called Brokenborough. The estate in 1086 included Corston in Malmesbury, is likely to have included Bremilham, Cowfold in Malmesbury, and Grittenham in Brinkworth, and possibly included Rodbourne in Malmesbury, Sutton Benger, and lands later in Westport parish: of all those only Corston was mentioned in Domesday Book. The abbey claimed that the estate in 1065 included Bremilham, Corston, Cowfold, Grittenham, Rodbourne, and Sutton Benger; the boundaries appended to what it claimed was a copy of Edwy's grant of 956 took in much more of its 13th century Wiltshire estate, but omitted part of it alienated in the late 11 th century. It is doubtful that Edwy and Edward made grants in the terms cited by the abbey, and very likely that the abbey held Brokenborough village, its land, and other nearby land from or soon after the abbey's foundation. In 1086 the places included in the large estate called Brokenborough may have been separate entities, as they all were later. Fine Roll C 60/68, 55 HENRY III (1270-1271) Membrane 15 Wiltshire. John le Theyn gives half a mark for an assize to be taken before Adam de Grenville. Order to the sheriff of Wiltshire. Brokenborough, Malmsbury, Wilts. In 1249, the Lord of Bremilham held 36 acres in the open fields of the estate. Seven years previous to this, William Le Theyn had held an estate there. During the 12th century, the Brokenborough estate was the Abbey's most valuable asset. William apparently had a son Miles whose son Geoffrey le Theyn claimed land in Brokenborough against relatives in 1249. Other members of the Theyn family held land in Brokenborough in the 1260s but apparently not after 1268 when William Theyn conveyed an estate there and in Charlton to Roger Charlton. National Archives Kew: John, son and heir of William Thayne and Isobel his wife re messauge in Hadley: Middlesex 1529 1613 - John Thayne clericus, Salisbury Cathedral 15 February 1637/8: Roger Thayne son of John, Esq., deceased at Cowesfield, Wiltshire. Attended Winchester (Hampshire). Adm. Pens (age 17) at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge University. 1621 Richard Thayne, gent. Salisbury Marriages (Cathedral) Wilstshire Wiltshire Gentry circa tempus Carol i et ii from the Harleian Mss.: The Hundred of Frustfield: Alexander Thayne, of Cowsfield, esq. 1635 Middle Temple Records Vol II: 30 November: Mr Alexander Thayne, son and heir of John Thayne of Whiteparish, desc. Alumni Oxonienses: Thayne, John, son of Alexander of Salisbury, Wilts. Oriel College, matric July 22, 1664, aged 17. B.A. St Mary Hall, M.A. 1674. Rector of Easton Magna, Essex 1687 -1720. Thayne, John, B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1673-4, M.A. 1677, DD 1703 The House of Commons 1715-1745 Members: Eyre, Giles (1692-1750) of Brickworth, Downton - baptized 27 May 1692, son of Giles Eyre of Brickworth by Mabel daughter of Alexander Thayne of Cowesfield, in Whiteparish, Wilts. esq April 12, 2012 Gail Cone Leibell, granddaughter of Catherine Thayne Muldowney accl@optonline.net END See: Many unidentified family members, Newspapers->Misc->BirthdayParty.jpg Related documents, Misc->FisherTree.jpg and Misc->ThayneCensus.jpg Research of Abigail C. Leibell (1.259) concerning William Thayne of Ireland, Misc->WilliamThayne KIERNAN came from Ireland to New York City in 1833 and shows up in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania by 1838. The surname was originally McKiernan in Ireland according to members of the family. I have no documentation to corroborate this. The "Mc" was dropped from the surname upon arrival into the United States. The "i" was dropped later to leave the current day spelling of the surname. Mc is short for Mac which means "son of". Some families prefer to use one or the other. MacTighearnain (tighearna = "a lord or master") anglicized as MacTernan, McKiernan, and Masterson. Lords and chiefs of the present barony of Tullyhunco in county Cavan in the 12th century. Also, MacCiarnain anglicized as Kiernan and MacKiernan. From http://www.houseofnames.com: BEGIN The original Gaelic form of Kiernan was Mac Thighearnain, which is derived from the word "tighearna," which means "lord." Kiernan Early Origins A name was often recorded during the Middle Ages under several different spelling variations during the life of its bearer because literacy was rare there was no real push to clearly define any of the languages found in the British Isles at that time. Variations found of the name Kiernan include Kiernan, MacKiernan, Tiernan, McKernan, McKernon, McKernin, McKernen and many more. First found in County Cavan, where they held a family seat from ancient times. The Great Migration A great mass of Ireland's native population left the island in the 19th century, seeking relief from various forms of social, religious, and economic discrimination. This Irish exodus was primarily to North America. If the migrants survived the long ocean journey, many unfortunately would find more discrimination in the colonies of British North America and the fledgling United States of America. These newly arrived Irish were, however, wanted as a cheap source of labor for the many large agricultural and industrial projects that were essential to the development of what would become two of the wealthiest nations in the western world. Early immigration and passenger lists indicate many people bearing the Kiernan name: Kiernan Settlers in the United States in the 19th Century Hugh Kiernan who arrived in Philadelphia in 1802 John Kiernan, who landed in Maryland in 1809 Patrick Kiernan, aged 32, arrived in Maryland in 1813 James Kiernan, aged 25, arrived in Maryland in 1813 Jaime Kiernan, who landed in Puerto Rico in 1816 Contemporary Notables of the name Kiernan Patrick "Pat" Kiernan (b. 1968), New York City news anchor Mr. John Joseph Kiernan (d. 1912), aged 24, American Third Class passenger from Jersey City, New Jersey who sailed aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking Francis Kiernan (1800-1874), Irish anatomist and physician Jeremy "Jerry" Kiernan (b. 1953), Irish Olympic long-distance runner Frederick William Kiernan (1919-1981), Irish professional footballer Mr. Philip Kiernan (d. 1912), aged 22, Irish Third Class passenger from Aughnacliffe, Longford who sailed aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking Ian Kiernan (b. 1940), Australian environmentalist, he organized the 'Clean up Australia' campaign and 'Clean up the World' campaign Ford Kiernan (b. 1962), Scottish comedian Benedict F. Kiernan (b. 1953), Australian born professor, the Whitney Griswold Professor of History, Professor of International and Area Studies and Director of the Genocide Studies Program at Yale University Christopher Kiernan (1878-1925), Australian rules footballer END From "Irish Roots" in 1998, #3 - magazine published in Cork with a signed photo of Catherina MacKIERNAN (London Marathon 1998, apparently) ... BEGIN Catherina MacKIERNAN is one of Ireland's finest women athletes. Cornafean-born Catherina has taken marathon running by storm with her brilliant performance in a past London marathon. This followed a brilliant debut in Berlin when she ran the fastest ever first marathon for a woman. Catherina has performed with great distinction throughout the 1990s. She won four silver medals in the World Cross Country Championships as well as a European Cross Country Gold and many world ranked 5k and 10k events. Catherina is a proud ambassador for the MacKIERNAN name which from the 13th to 15th centuries figured prominently in the 'Annals of the Four Masters.' Almost all of the MacTIERNANs mentioned in the annals were Chiefs of Teallach Donnchadha now Tullyhunco which covers the area of Killeshandra where Catherina hails from. The name is still found chiefly in the Cavan-Letrim area. The name in Irish is MacTighernain derived from Tighearna, a 'lord.' It is also spelt Mac Thighhearnain, which was phonetically anglicised MacKIERNAN. Today the two names with and without the Mac are about equal in numbers in the county. END TIGERNAN, TIGHEARNAN, TIARNAN From tigern 'lord, superior, chief'. An acceptable petform would be Tiarn, a modernisation of Old Irish tigern. There was a St Tigernan of the shores of Lough Conn in Co Mayo whose feast-day is 8 April. There was a Tigernan of Ui Flaind (O Flynns) of Dal Cais, who were unsuccessful contenders for the kinship against the line of Brian in the tenth century. The name also occurs among the very early pedigrees of the Ui Aimbrit of Ciarraige Luachra. However, the name is inextricably linked with the royal race of the Ui Briuin of Breifne (Cavan, Leitrim and part of Longford) and was greatly favoured by the Ui Ruairc (O Rourkes), Meic Samradain (Mac Govern) and Meic Thigernain (Mac Kiernan). It remained in use among the O Rourkes down to the beginning of the modern period. Its most famous bearer was undoubtedly Tigernan Ua Ruairc, king of Breifne from about 1127 until 1172 when he was assassinated by the Anglo-Normans. In 1751 GIERSBACH emigrated from Prussia, entering America at Philadelphia. They moved to New Jersey and lived in Sussex County and Hunterdon County, and their surname became written as KISHPAUGH. Around 1814 some KISHPAUGHs moved to Pennsylvania and their surname became written as KISHBAUGH there. Many KISHBAUGHs lived in Nescopeck Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. Other written variations of this surname include: Girshbach, Gierschbach, Kirschbac, Kirsbach, Kesbach, Kesbaugh, Kirsback, Keishpaw, Gerspah, Kispow, Kishpoch, Kissbaugh, Kishbaugh and Kisball. Johann Christian KUHL came from Maxsain, Neuwied-Westerwald, Germany and shows up in Milstone, Somerset County, New Jersey in 1731. He moved to Amwell Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey by 1745 when he married Eva Maria HUMMERICH. The parents of Johann Christian KUHL were Christian Leonard KUHL and Anna Veronica STAADTS. The parents of Christian Leonard KUHL were Johannes KUHL and Veronica LENTZ. They all lived and died in Neuwied-Westerwald, Germany. From http://www.houseofnames.com: BEGIN Like many surnames, the name Kuhl is taken from a feature of the terrain around the family's dwelling place; Kuhl comes from the Middle Low German word "kule," meaning a "hollow" or "depression." There are also several places in the northern part of Germany with that name. Kuhl Early Origins Spelling variations of this family name include: Kuhl, Kuhle, Kuhlen, Kuhlemann, Kuhlmann, Kulemann, Kule and many more. First found in Germany, where the name Kuhl came from humble beginnings but gained a significant reputation for its contribution to the emerging mediaeval society. It later became more prominent as numerous branches of the same house acquired distant estates, some of which were located in other countries. Through the acquisition of these estates as well as their important contributions to society, the family successfully elevated their social status. Like many surnames, the name Kuhl is taken from a feature of the terrain around the family's dwelling place; Kuhl comes from the Middle Low German word "kule," meaning a "hollow" or "depression." There are also several places in the northern part of Germany with that name. Some of the first settlers of this family name were: Kuhl Settlers in the United States in the 18th Century Johannes Kuhl, who came to Pennsylvania in 1741 Johannes Kuhl, who landed in Pennsylvania in 1742 Hans Jacob Kuhl, who arrived in Pennsylvania in 1749 Conrad Kuhl, who landed in Pennsylvania in 1753 Johan Philip Kuhl, who landed in Pennsylvania in 1754 Kuhl Settlers in the United States in the 19th Century Martin Kuhl, aged 29, arrived in America in 1843 Johann Kuhl, who arrived in Texas in 1845 Joh Heinr Kuhl, who arrived in America in 1848 Henry Kuhl, who landed in Allegany (Allegheny) County, Pennsylvania in 1848 Sophia Kuhl, who arrived in New York in 1850 Contemporary Notables of the name Kuhl John R "Randy" Kuhl Jr. (b. 1943), American politician, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York (2005-2009) Carolyn Barbara Kuhl (b. 1952), American judge on the Superior Court of California for the County of Los Angeles Charles Kuhl (1915-1971), US Army soldier who was famously slapped by General George S. Patton who was later reprimanded and his Seventh Army disbanded and was passed over to lead the invasion in northern Europe Patricia Katherine Kuhl, American Professor of Speech and Hearing Sciences at the University of Washington Patrick Kuhl (b. 1968), East German silver medal winner in the 200m Individual Medley at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea Heinrich Kuhl (1797-1821), German naturalist and zoologist Dr. Hermann Josef von Kuhl (1856-1958), Prussian military officer, member of the German General Staff, and a Generalleutnant during World War I Walter Frederick Kuhl (1905-1991), Canadian teacher and politician, Member of Parliament Jasper-Edson (1935-1945) END See: 1803 map of Germany, Maps->Germany-1803.jpg 1871 map of Germany, Maps->Germany-1871.jpg 1871 - 1918 map of Germany, Maps->Germany-1871-1918.jpg 1815 map of Europe, Maps->Europe-1815.jpg 1820 map of Europe, Maps->Europe-1820.gif map showing Maxsain, Maps->Maxsain.jpg outline of Cool surname, Biographies->Cool.jpg Johann Philip KAES married Rachel HOUSER in Hunterdon County, New Jersey c1724 as his second wife. KAES' first wife, Anna Elizabetha JUNG, died in Anhausen, Neuwied-Westerwald, Germany in 1721. The parents of Johann Philip KAES were Johannes KAES and Christina SCHREITZER, both living and dieing in Anshausen. See: outline of Case surname, Biographies->Case.jpg Daniel ROBINS was born in Scotland in 1627, captured as a prisoner of war, and sent to America as an endentured servant in late 1651. He served for Nathaniel FOOTE in New Haven, Connecticut. After release from servitude, ROBINS married Hope POTTER in New Haven in 1663 and moved to Woodbridge, New Jersey c1667 (Woodbridge was founded in 1666). Later, ROBINS descendants spread into Burlington County, New Jersey and Hunterdon County, New Jersey. The parents of Daniel ROBINS were Richard ROBERTSON and Mary ------ who lived and died in Blair Atholl, Scotland. According to Helen Louise Robins Wright of San Francisco, California (from the Robbins Genealogical Society of Salt Lake City, Utah): BEGIN Robins The earliest rendering of the family name was "Ro-bynes" and dates from the Battle of Hastings. "Bynes" appears as a Norman word meaning "Town", "Village", or "Hamlet", and "Ro" as a prefix similar to the Scotch "Fitz" or "Mac", meaning "of" or "up". Thus "Ro-Bynes," meaning "of town", or "up town". The first so named was of French extraction and came to England in 1066 with William the Conqueror in the capacity of game keeper. The name "Ro-bynes", "Ro-byns", "Ro-bins" appears until about 1700 when nearly all simultaneously adopted the form: "Robins" or "Robbins". END From http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Troy/3869/Robins.html : BEGIN From 1066 a.d. up until 1700 a.d., the name was spelled variouslly (sic) as; R0-Bynes, Ro-byns, Ro-Bins, Robins and Robbins. About 1700 a.d. the spelling was changed to; ROBBINS or ROBINS with a very few references to Ro-Bynes. To clearly understand the pre-history of the Normandy Invasion of William I, the Conqueror in 1066 a.d., one must turn back a few pages of history to the early Viking invasions of Northern Europe. From 4,000 b.c. to 1,000 a.d. political boundaries shifted continually in this region, as various groups gained and lost political and military dominance of the area. The largest and most aggressive of these ethnic groups, were the Viking. This group known as Viking or Norsemen were in fact made up of several groups of individuals known as Vikings; (Norse) Norwegien (Norway) Vikings, Finnish (Finland) Vikings and Danish (Denmark) Vikings. Up until early 700 a.d. most of the Viking expeditions were for booty, slaves, and plunder, against the eleven tribes of the Pictish Nation of Northern Britannia. Between 733 a.d. and 795 a.d. they established three strong footholds in Britannia. Challenging the Pictish Nation to the North and the Roman Empire to the South. Learning of the wealth of the monestaries all over Britannia. They sought to loot these for their wealth. This was a fore-runner to the major invasion of Northern Europe. Where they did battle with the Gauls (Celts) for territorial footholds in the northern regions of Europe. In their sea going long ships, these seafaring Viking, were able to defuse their area of influence to as far away as North America. There were two distinctive and seperate (sic) invasions; one into Northern Europe and one into Scandinavia. We will examine the invasion of Northern Europe and its impact on the Frank occupation of the western part of central Europe. That area that is known today as France. The invasion was met with some limited success. Enough so as to establish a strong foothold in the northern or Brittany region of France. The result of this invasion was to create a hybred culture; the Franco-Viking breed or what was to become known as the "Norman". These Norman, developed, with a strong militaristic influence of their Viking heritage but tempered with the sophistication of their Franco cultural heritage, into the most disiplined military organization in Europe. With this formadable (sic) war machine at his side; in 1066 a.d. William the I, the Conqueror invaded Britannia in an effort to over throw the Roman Emipres (sic) long hold of the Islands to the North. Riding with and in support of William I, the Conqueror on his invasion was a Norman Gentleman Knight of the French Court by the name of Ro-Bynes. With the success of the "Norman Invasion" Ro-Bynes was granted a large parcel of land along the Border Ridings and specifically in the vicinity of what is now Peebleshire. Thus, began the long tradition of the ROBINS/ROBBINS dynasty, in establishing their ethnic and cultural heritage as (Franco-Viking) Norman influennce in Scotland. From 1066 a.d. until immigration to North America in the late 1600 to early 1700's, the Robins/Robbins family let themselves be known in the area through marriage and alliance. By the time they immigrated to North America they were Scotish through and through. Whether allied with the MacGregor Clan or not. They have a long and elustrious history in the region, one to be very proud of. Therefore wear our tartan with honor and "Hail to the Robins/Robbins Clan." END From http://www.houseofnames.com: BEGIN Origins Available: English, French, Scottish The chronicles of the Robins family show that the name was first used in the Scottish/English Borderlands by the Strathclyde-Britons. It was a name for a person who lived in Peeblesshire. The Robins surname was also a patronymic name created from the personal name Robin, a pet form of Robert. Robins Early Origins The origin of rules governing the spelling of names and even words is a very recent innovation. Before that, words and names were spelled according to sound, and, therefore, often appeared under several different spelling variations in a single document. Robins has been spelled Robbins, Robbyns, Robens, Robins, Robin and others. First found in Peeblesshire (Gaelic: Siorrachd nam Puballan), former county in South-central Scotland, in the present day Scottish Borders Council Area, where they held a family seat from early times and their first records appeared on the early census rolls taken by the early Kings of Scotland to determine the rate of taxation of their subjects. END See: Coat of Arms for ROBINS family in Europe, Misc->Robins-CoatOfArms.jpg Gerrit Jansen VAN OLDENBURG was born c1605 in Oldenburg, Germany and shows up in Manhattan in 1632. He married Clara MATTHYS c1639. Their son, Jan GERRITS, married Elisabeth GYSBERTS c1676, and they lived in Staten Island (Richmond County) and in Long Neck, New York. The son of Jan GERRITS and Elisabeth GYSBERT, Johannes GERRITSEN, married Hester ------, lived in Staten Island (Richmond County), and moved to Hunterdon County, New Jersey c1728. After that the surname became GARRISON. From "American Ancestry Vol. 3" by W. W. Munsell in 1887: BEGIN GARRISON: the derivation of the name is uncertain. Perhaps from the Dutch, GERRITSEN and GARRETSON, perhaps from the French, as the same is common in the south of France, GARRISON and GARRISSON, where the meaning "Little Oak" is assigned to it. The only known English family of the name considered itself of Dutch origin and the same is true of many American GARRISONs. END The LINABERRY/etc (multiple variations) surname was originally LEINENBERG. Johann Wilhelm LEINENBERG was born in Dernbach, Westerwald, Germany in 1653, and died there in 1727. He married Amalia ------ (who died in Dernbach). Their son, Jacob, lived and died in Dernbach and married Anna Catherina GEISSLER. The son of Jacob LEINENBERG and Anna Catherina GEISSLER, Johann Conrad, married Ester ------ and arrived in Philadelphia in 1752. From there they went into Hunterdon County, New Jersey. MARTIN This name became popular among clerics in early Ireland as a result of widespread devotion to St Martin of Tours whose cult was well-known in Ireland. Among the clerics who bore the name were Martan, bishop of Clonkeen, who died in 837 and Martan, abbot of Clonmacnoise and Devenish, who died in 869. The form Mairtin, now the current form in Irish, is a later borrowing. LAFFEY From http://www.houseofnames.com: BEGIN Laffey Early Origins Spelling variations of this family name include: Locher, Lochor, Lahore, Lahoar, Lohoar, Lochore, Lochoir, Laugher, Louchor, Louchere, Louchore, Locquhor, Lokuhor, Lokquhor and many more. First found in Fife, where they have held a family seat from the 12th century, probably about 1135. About this time Earl David of Huntingdon, son of King Malcolm of Scotland, came north to claim the throne of Scotland. He brought with him many Norman nobles to whom he gave estates. Although the first on record was Constantin of Lochore about 1150, there is no trace of the line from which Constantin was descended in Normandy. Constantin was the first Lord of Lochore. The ancient Gaelic family seated on Lochore (Inchgall) Island in the Parish of Ballingry was superceded by these new Lords from Normandy. He was succeeded by another Constantinus, either a son or grandson in 1235. Andreas, brother of Constantin, and Phillip and David, brothers of Constantinus, also started other lines of the family. David, became Sheriff of Fife in 1265. David was close to Royal Court circles and was one of the dignitaries on a charter by King Alexander III at Roxburgh in 1279. Laffey Settlers in the United States in the 19th Century James Laffey, who arrived in New York, NY in 1816 END It appears that Laffey was originally Lahiff, although at least one family member believes Laffey was originally Laughey. When visiting Ireland some members of the family were told that the gaelic spelling of Laffey is Laghy and it means duck. From "A Guide to Irish Surnames" by Edward MacLysaght in 1964: BEGIN Lahiff, Lahive O Laithimh. The earlier form was O Flaithimh (flaitheamh, ruler) giving Flahy, which is still extant in the same area as Lahiff, viz. Co. Clare. Flahive is found in Kerry. Laffey is a variant in Co. Galway. MIF 161. END BECK Date: Mon, 27 Jan 2003 18:58:49 -0500 From: Eugene Hubbard BEGIN From another source: The origin of the name commences deep in Norman English history. BECK means "brook" or "by the brook". The family takes its name from the Benedictine Abbey of Bec in Normandy founded by Helovin, who was the first Abbot in 1034, which was the family seat for many years. Origin is probably Flemish, although claim has been made from Crispina, Daughter of Duke Rollo of Normandy and wife of Grimaldi, Prince of Monaco. At the time of the conquest, the family had already branched into two distinct family groupings. A goodly number of Bec's appear to have followed Duke William to England to have received grants of land, as the name occurs in the Doomsday lists several times. END SPICER from "A Supplement to the Descendants of Peter Spicer", Susan Billings Meech, 1923 BEGIN ORIGIN OF NAME Theories of Mr. C. A. Hoppin, Genealogist Mr. Hoppin states that the surname of Spicer does not occur in the Norman Doomsday Book in any form. He advances the opinion that Spicer as a surname was not assumed before 1150 and that a great many distinct families assumed that name from their avocation, their trade being the selling of spices. He thinks that 1150 was a very early date indeed for the assuming of a surname and that not until 1300 did the family name become a fixed inheritance continuing from father to son. He states that the surname of Spicer did not occur in Kent until 1218, in Devonshire 1243, and is not found in Warwickshire until after the 13th century, which explodes the theory that three brothers from Normandy settled in those three counties. The perusal of his notes however discloses the fact that the surname may have existed in York as early as 1200 and the theory of the compiler of this book is that the Spicers of Devonshire came from York, and were descended from John Spicer, Mayor of York in 1273-74. END Origin of Surnames from http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/beyond/factsheets/surnames/surnames_origins.shtml BEGIN Surnames, Genes and Genealogy Origins of surnames Before the Norman Conquest English people did not have hereditary surnames. They were usually known just by a personal name. If they had a nickname as well, this was not passed on to their children. It was the Norman barons who introduced surnames into this country, and the fashion gradually spread to other families, but it was a long drawn out process. Most English people and Lowland Scots had hereditary surnames by 1400, but new surnames were still being formed much later and immigrants brought a fresh supply. Many Irish and Highland Scottish names are derived from Gaelic personal names, as are those of the Welsh, who began to adopt English-type surnames after the union of the two countries in 1536. After the Norman Conquest the numerous personal names that had been used by the English fell out of favour and a narrow choice of names became available. By the fourteenth century half the men in a typical village were called either John or William and most of the rest were called Thomas, Richard, Robert or Henry. This was indeed the period when every Tom, Dick and Harry acquired a surname. From soon after the Conquest, therefore, men were distinguished from their neighbours by a second name (a 'by-name'), but the circumstances in which these names were passed on to their descendants were complicated. Fashion played a part, as did the new practice of keeping written records such as manor court rolls, but the inheritance of a name undoubtedly had much to do with the inheritance of property, status or occupation. END from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_name BEGIN A Family name, surname or last name, is the part of a person's name that indicates to what family he or she belongs. The use of family names is not universal throughout history. In parts of the world, they did not appear in common use until the 17th to 19th centuries, and in some cultures they are not used today. In many cultures of Asia, as well as in Hungary, the family name is typically spoken or written first when referring to an individual (see eastern order), while in most Western cultures, the family name is last, giving rise to the term last name for family name. END from http://www.infokey.com/history/History.htm BEGIN The Norman surnaming protocal (sic) was difficult to follow in history even though there was a tight discipline. In essence, the sons were not allowed to use the surname of the father during his lifetime. This made adoptive surnames compulsory, and most usually they assumed the name of their chief domain. Normally, the eldest would eventually succeed to the father's surname. But rarely did the younger sons. Younger sons could also use the name Fitz, as in, Robert FitzHugh, Hugh being the father's font name. They were not necessarily only 'natural' sons who used the Fitz prefix, although this idea prevailed in history for many years. Most younger sons adopted their domain name, but this again was not passed on to all their progeny, only the eldest son. The rules relating to numeric appendages are vague but they did exist. Sometimes the father in Normandy would allow the eldest son in England to use his own surname followed by the number I. This practice was picked up in the U.S of A in more recent history with names such as Robert Montgomery I, II, and III. Seemingly complex compared to surnaming protocol of today, it may be assumed that the Normans invented surnames sometime before the Conquest and imported them into Britain. For instance, Robert Guiscard, the Norman who pillaged Italy, had used that surname from about 1145. Nor did he use the customary locative name (of) (de) Guiscard found in early English records in history. END See: evolution of surnames in England, Misc->SurnameEvolution.jpg from the Internet (the following includes immigrant surnames only) BEGIN Out of 20,000 surnames (72% of all surnames) indexed by the United States Census Bureau in 2020 22 Martin 58 Parker 320 Schneider 471 Potter 1108 Lake 1374 Jung 1993 Spicer 5283 Woodcock 5730 Kuhl 5900 Kiernan 10732 Oldenburg 15037 Bogert > 20000 Thayne, Laffey, Leinenberg, Giersbach, Kaes, van Oldenburg, Matthys, Claeszen, Willekins, Strycker, Huybrechts, Williamse END